

A witty 19th-century French thinker who used parables of broken windows and candle-makers to champion free markets and individual liberty.
Frédéric Bastiat was a economic pamphleteer of genius, whose clear, often satirical writings made the case for liberty, free trade, and limited government accessible to a broad audience. Living during a time of socialist and protectionist upheaval in France, he became a forceful advocate for the classical liberal ideas of Adam Smith. His most enduring legacy lies in his devastatingly simple parables, like the 'parable of the broken window,' which exposed the fallacy of seeing destruction as economic stimulus, and his fictitious 'petition of the candlemakers' who begged for protection from the 'unfair' competition of the sun. Though his life was cut short by tuberculosis at 49, his prolific output—including the seminal work 'The Law'—left a profound mark, influencing thinkers from across the political spectrum with his insistence that the purpose of law is to protect individual rights, not to orchestrate society.
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He was a contemporary and intellectual rival of Karl Marx.
Bastiat taught himself English and Spanish to better study economics in other languages.
Much of his most famous work was written in the last five years of his life as his health declined.
“The state is the great fictitious entity by which everyone seeks to live at the expense of everyone else.”