

A Greek satirist who skewered religious hypocrisy with a scandalous novel about a female pope, becoming a European literary sensation.
Emmanuel Rhoides was a man of letters whose wit was as sharp as his pen. Born on the island of Syros, he spent formative years abroad, absorbing European thought before returning to an Athens simmering with intellectual and political change. He made his living as a journalist and translator, but his legacy was forged in fiction. In 1866, he published 'The Papess Joanne,' a historical novel that presented the medieval legend of a woman who disguised herself as a man and rose to the papacy. The book was a deliberate, brilliant provocation, using its audacious premise to lampoon clerical corruption and dogmatic thinking. Banned by the Greek Orthodox Church, it became an underground hit and was swiftly translated, earning him a controversial fame across the continent. Rhoides spent his later years as a central, if sometimes thorny, figure in Athenian literary circles, writing essays and stories that continued to champion rationalism and stylistic clarity over romantic flourish.
The biggest hits of 1836
The world at every milestone
Statue of Liberty dedicated in New York Harbor
First modern Olympic Games held in Athens
New York City opens its first subway line
He lost the hearing in one ear after a childhood illness, which reportedly contributed to his solitary nature.
Rhoides was a staunch atheist and a vocal critic of the Greek Orthodox Church's influence.
He worked for many years as the director of the National Library of Greece.
His writing style was heavily influenced by French literary realism and satire.
“I have but one religion, that of the truth.”